Basilica of Saint Mark (Venice)
Veneza, Vêneto, Italy
Suggest Place to Visit
4206
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The Basilica of St. Mark is the most famous of the churches of Venice, Italy, and one of the best examples of Byzantine architecture. Located in St. Mark's Square, next to the Doge's Palace, the basilica has been the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Venice since 1807.
The first church built on the site was a temporary building in the Doges' Palace, built in 828, when Venetian merchants acquired from Alexandria the alleged relics of St. Mark the Evangelist. In 832, a new building was erected, in the place of the present basilica; this church was burned down during a rebellion in 976, rebuilt in 978 and, again, in 1063, in what would become the base of the present building.
The church features a Greek cross plan, based on examples from the Basilica of Saint Sophia and the Basilica of the Apostles, both in Constantinople. It has a high choir above a crypt. The interior plan consists of three longitudinal and three transverse naves. A canopy covers the main altar, with columns decorated with eleventh century reliefs. The altarpiece is the famous Pala d'Oro - a work in Byzantine metal from 1105. Behind the main altar there is a second altar with alabaster columns. The choir enclosures, above which there are three reliefs of Sansovino, present a work of marquetry by Fra Sebastiano Schiavone. The two marble pulpits of the nave are decorated with statuettes of the Massegne brothers (1394).
The basilica was consecrated in 1094, the same year that the body of St. Mark was supposedly rediscovered on a pillar by the Doge Vitale Falier. The crypt then housed the relics until 1811. The building also has a low tower, which some think has integrated the original Doges' Palace.
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